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Section 81

Surface flags at the remaining nodes

We give the surface computations separately. They keep the exceptional fixed coefficients, the extra line when h=0h=0, and the different at a weighted extraction.

81.1 Moment conventions and computations

For a curve C⊂TC\subset T, decompose Pt−vC=Pt,v+∑RnR(t,v)RP_t-vC=P_{t,v}+\sum_R n_R(t,v)R on its pseudoeffective range, with Pt,vP_{t,v} nef and the sum negative definite. Set d(t,v)=Pt,v⋅Cd(t,v)=P_{t,v}\cdot C and define uC=326∬Pt,v2dvdt,bC=326∬d(t,v)2dvdt,zC,R=313∬d(t,v)nR(t,v)dvdt.\begin{aligned} u_C&=\frac3{26}\iint P_{t,v}^2\,dv\,dt,\qquad b_C=\frac3{26}\iint d(t,v)^2\,dv\,dt,\\ z_{C,R}&=\frac3{13}\iint d(t,v)n_R(t,v)\,dv\,dt. \end{aligned} Here uCu_C is the moving first moment, bCb_C is the free point moment, and zC,R(R⋅C)xz_{C,R}(R\cdot C)_x is its negative-part correction at x∈Cx\in C. Fixed components of the original series must be added separately. Their average coefficient is computed with probability density 3Pt2/263P_t^2/26.

The normalized asymptotic fixed part of the pullback series is aara+adrd+acrc+c(fa+fd+fc)+Nt,a_a r_a+a_d r_d+a_c r_c+c(f_a+f_d+f_c)+N_t, where c=(t−1)+,aa=ad=c/2,ac={c/2t≤3,t−2t≥3,c=(t-1)_+,\quad a_a=a_d=c/2,\quad a_c=\begin{cases}c/2&t\le3,\\t-2&t\ge3,\end{cases} and Nt=(t−4)+QcN_t=(t-4)_+Q_c if h≠0h\ne0, whereas Nt=(t−3)+L1+(t−4)+L2N_t=(t-3)_+L_1+(t-4)_+L_2 if h=0h=0. The integral rounding errors are bounded and disappear in these moments. For a function aa write a¯=326∫Pt2a(t)dt\overline a=\frac3{26}\int P_t^2a(t)\,dt. Direct integration gives c¯=183104,ac¯=107104,(t−4)+¯=126,(t−3)+¯=31104.\overline c=\frac{183}{104},\quad \overline {a_c}=\frac{107}{104},\quad \overline{(t-4)_+}=\frac1{26},\quad \overline{(t-3)_+}=\frac{31}{104}.

Lemma 81.1. In the case h≠0h\ne0, the flag moments are as follows. Entries not displayed in the last column are zero. CuCbCR:zC,Rfa17/26103/208ra:17/52,ta:3/52,rd:1/52,rc:1/208,Qd:1/26,Qc:17/208rc35/5259/104ra,rd:5/104,fc:19/104,lac,ldc,Qc:5/52ℓ−ea19/52323/416ra:89/416,fa:3/104,Qa:7/208,Qc:1/32lad63/10447/104ra,rd:67/208,fa,fd:1/26,tc:5/104lac69/10443/104ra:75/208,fa,fc:1/26,td:3/52,rc:27/104,Qa:1/52,Qc:1/208ta49/10433/52ra:17/208,fa:7/52,rd:3/208,ldc,Qa:3/104.\begin{array}{c|c|c|l} C&u_C&b_C& R:z_{C,R}\\ \hline f_a&17/26&103/208&r_a:17/52,\ t_a:3/52,\ r_d:1/52,\\ &&&r_c:1/208,\ Q_d:1/26,\ Q_c:17/208\\ r_c&35/52&59/104&r_a,r_d:5/104,\ f_c:19/104,\\ &&&l_{ac},l_{dc},Q_c:5/52\\ \ell-e_a&19/52&323/416&r_a:89/416,\ f_a:3/104,\\ &&&Q_a:7/208,\ Q_c:1/32\\ l_{ad}&63/104&47/104&r_a,r_d:67/208,\ f_a,f_d:1/26,\ t_c:5/104\\ l_{ac}&69/104&43/104&r_a:75/208,\ f_a,f_c:1/26,\ t_d:3/52,\\ &&&r_c:27/104,\ Q_a:1/52,\ Q_c:1/208\\ t_a&49/104&33/52&r_a:17/208,\ f_a:7/52,\ r_d:3/208,\\ &&&l_{dc},Q_a:3/104. \end{array} In the case h=0h=0, the table is CuCbCR:zC,Rfa11/1371/208ra:45/104,rc:17/104,fc:3/208,L1:5/16,L2:3/104,Qa:1/52fd17/26103/208ra:1/52,rd:17/52,rc:1/208,L1:1/104,L2:29/208,Qa:1/26rc43/5235/78rd:97/624,fc:25/104,L1:8/39,L2:1/208,ldc:97/312ℓ−ea19/52323/416ra:89/416,fa:3/104,L2:1/32,Qa:7/208lad63/10447/104ra,rd:67/208,fa,fd:1/26,tc:5/104L117/2625/52ra:19/104,fa:19/52,rc:9/26,fc:1/26,L2:2/13.\begin{array}{c|c|c|l} C&u_C&b_C& R:z_{C,R}\\ \hline f_a&11/13&71/208&r_a:45/104,\ r_c:17/104,\ f_c:3/208,\\ &&&L_1:5/16,\ L_2:3/104,\ Q_a:1/52\\ f_d&17/26&103/208&r_a:1/52,\ r_d:17/52,\ r_c:1/208,\\ &&&L_1:1/104,\ L_2:29/208,\ Q_a:1/26\\ r_c&43/52&35/78&r_d:97/624,\ f_c:25/104,\\ &&&L_1:8/39,\ L_2:1/208,\ l_{dc}:97/312\\ \ell-e_a&19/52&323/416&r_a:89/416,\ f_a:3/104,\\ &&&L_2:1/32,\ Q_a:7/208\\ l_{ad}&63/104&47/104&r_a,r_d:67/208,\ f_a,f_d:1/26,\ t_c:5/104\\ L_1&17/26&25/52&r_a:19/104,\ f_a:19/52,\ r_c:9/26,\\ &&&f_c:1/26,\ L_2:2/13. \end{array}

Proof. All entries can be calculated by linear algebra and integration of quadratic polynomials. We specify the computation to make the negative parts and the normalization reproducible. Use the negative-curve lists in Lemma 80.3. The auxiliary class A=10ℓ−2(ea+ed+ec)−fa−fd−fcA=10\ell-2(e_a+e_d+e_c)-f_a-f_d-f_c is ample: it has square 8585 and positive intersection with every listed negative curve, while the Hodge index theorem treats the curves of nonnegative square. On each of the four tt-intervals, A⋅Pt≤26A\cdot P_t\le26, as is checked at its endpoints, and A⋅C≥1A\cdot C\ge1 for every flag in the tables. Consequently, pseudoeffectivity of Pt−vCP_t-vC implies 0≤v≤260\le v\le26. Thus the whole calculation takes place in bounded rational rectangles. On each tt-interval, enumerate all negative definite subsets R1,…,RsR_1,\ldots,R_s of the list and form M=(Ri⋅Rj)i,j,(ni)i=M−1((Pt−vC)⋅Ri)i,Pt,v=Pt−vC−∑iniRi.M=(R_i\cdot R_j)_{i,j},\quad (n_i)_i=M^{-1}((P_t-vC)\cdot R_i)_i,\quad P_{t,v}=P_t-vC-\sum_i n_iR_i. Keep the polygon where v≥0v\ge0, all ni≥0n_i\ge0, and Pt,v⋅R≥0P_{t,v}\cdot R\ge0 for every listed negative curve. Also require Pt,v⋅ℓ≥0P_{t,v}\cdot\ell\ge0. These are linear inequalities in t,vt,v. Check also that the positive part has nonnegative square at each vertex; the convexity of the positive cone gives this throughout each polygon. The negative-curve list and the Hodge index theorem then verify nefness. These rational polygons give the Zariski chambers, with disjoint interiors. Substitution in the three preceding integrals gives the tables.

For completeness an elementary integration rule avoids any numerical approximation. Triangulate each polygon, with a triangle parametrized by p+x(a−p)+y(b−p)p+x(a-p)+y(b-p), x,y≥0x,y\ge0, x+y≤1x+y\le1. Multiply by its oriented Jacobian. For every resulting monomial use ∫x,y≥0,x+y≤1xiyjdxdy=i!j!(i+j+2)!.\int_{x,y\ge0,\ x+y\le1}x^iy^j\,dx\,dy =\frac{i!j!}{(i+j+2)!}. The numbers of nonempty chambers in the successive rows of the first table are 11,11,10,8,12,711,11,10,8,12,7, and in the second are 13,11,15,10,8,1113,11,15,10,8,11. The chamber count here ignores boundaries. In each row the additional check 313∬(Pt,v⋅C)dvdt=1\frac3{13}\iint(P_{t,v}\cdot C)\,dv\,dt=1 holds. Indeed −∂v(Pt,v2)=2Pt,v⋅C-\partial_v(P_{t,v}^2)=2P_{t,v}\cdot C, and the volume vanishes at the final endpoint. This identity checks that the chambers account for the full slice mass. The script check_f220_chambers_exact.py, included in the audit certificates, carries out this finite enumeration entirely in rational arithmetic, including the negative-definiteness and polygon-feasibility tests. Its files chambers_f220_False_*.json and chambers_f220_True_*.json record the polygons, negative supports, coefficients nin_i, and positive parts; the file chambers_f220_results.json records their integrals. The script also checks orthogonality, nefness, and the displayed mass identity. The linear systems, inequalities, and integration rule needed to reproduce the computation have all been given above. ◻

Example 81.2. The fixed conic contribution is (t−4)+¯=326∫45(10−2t)(t−4)dt=126.\overline{(t-4)_+}=\frac3{26}\int_4^5(10-2t)(t-4)\,dt=\frac1{26}. In the second case the extra fixed line contributes 326(∫34(−t2+6t−6)(t−3)dt+∫45(10−2t)(t−3)dt)=31104.\frac3{26}\left(\int_3^4(-t^2+6t-6)(t-3)\,dt +\int_4^5(10-2t)(t-3)\,dt\right)=\frac{31}{104}. For the first row of either table and 0≤t≤10\le t\le1, the initial chamber is 0≤v≤t0\le v\le t, with Nt,v=v2ra,Pt,v=tℓ−vfa−v2ra,Pt,v⋅fa=v2.N_{t,v}=\frac v2r_a,\qquad P_{t,v}=t\ell-vf_a-\frac v2r_a,\qquad P_{t,v}\cdot f_a=\frac v2. For example this chamber contributes 326∫01∫0t(v/2)2dvdt=1/416\frac3{26}\int_0^1\int_0^t(v/2)^2\,dv\,dt=1/416 to bfab_{f_a}. The other chambers are computed by the same rule.

81.2 The three marked points

Lemma 81.3. For the complete series WW on JJ, one has δpa(J;W),δpd(J;W),δpc(J;W)≥104103.\delta_{p_a}(J;W),\quad\delta_{p_d}(J;W),\quad \delta_{p_c}(J;W)\ \ge\frac{104}{103}.

Proof. At pap_a and pdp_d use the weight-(1,2)(1,2) extraction in the specified tangent direction. Its discrepancy over JJ is three. Its exceptional curve has different 1/21/2 at the orbifold point and zero elsewhere. Its strict transform on TT is fif_i, and the curve contracted over the orbifold point is rir_i. The full first moment is ufi+c¯u_{f_i}+\overline c. The point moment at the orbifold point is bfi+zfi,ri−12ufi.b_{f_i}+z_{f_i,r_i}-\frac12u_{f_i}. To verify the subtraction, the pullback of the weighted exceptional curve is fi+ri/2f_i+r_i/2. The fixed coefficient along rir_i before subtracting this curve is ai=c/2a_i=c/2, so the initial fixed contribution cancels. The further negative coefficient must be reduced by v/2v/2. Since 313∬v(Pt,v⋅fi)=ufi\frac3{13}\iint v(P_{t,v}\cdot f_i)=u_{f_i}, the correction is exactly ufi/2u_{f_i}/2.

If h≠0h\ne0, the first moment is 251/104251/104, and the orbifold point moment is 103/208103/208. Away from that point only ti,Qk,Qct_i,Q_k,Q_c can contribute from the first table. They have intersection one with fif_i. Even adding all their corrections and the fixed QcQ_c coefficient gives at most 103+12+8+17+8208=148208<1.\frac{103+12+8+17+8}{208}=\frac{148}{208}<1. The curves over the other two marked points are disjoint from fif_i. Consequently the smallest possible ratio is 1/2103/208=104/103\frac{1/2}{103/208}=104/103.

If h=0h=0, at pap_a the first moment is 271/104271/104, and the orbifold moment is 73/208<1/273/208<1/2. The only further contributing curve meeting faf_a is L1L_1, away from the orbifold point. At this point the full moment is 71208+516+31104=99104<1.\frac{71}{208}+\frac5{16}+\frac{31}{104} =\frac{99}{104}<1. At pdp_d the first moment is 251/104251/104 and the orbifold moment is again 103/208103/208. At the ordinary points of fdf_d, even adding the contributions of L2,QaL_2,Q_a and the fixed L2L_2 gives (103+29+8+8)/208=148/208<1(103+29+8+8)/208=148/208<1. Both weighted flags therefore give the asserted bound.

At pcp_c use the ordinary blowup, of discrepancy two. Its exceptional curve is represented by rcr_c on TT, and its pullback is rc+fcr_c+f_c. Thus its full moment is urc+ac¯u_{r_c}+\overline{a_c}, and the point moment in the marked direction tct_c is brc+zrc,fc+c¯−ac¯−urc.b_{r_c}+z_{r_c,f_c}+\overline c-\overline{a_c}-u_{r_c}. If h≠0h\ne0, these are 177/104177/104 and 21/2621/26, respectively. At every other direction an upper bound is (59+10+10+10+4)/104=93/104(59+10+10+10+4)/104=93/104, adding the three possible line/conic corrections and the fixed conic.

If h=0h=0, the first moment is 193/104193/104 and the marked point moment is 185/312185/312. The L1L_1 direction is different from tct_c and from the ldcl_{dc} direction. Its point moment is 3578+839+31104=99104.\frac{35}{78}+\frac8{39}+\frac{31}{104}=\frac{99}{104}. At the ldcl_{dc} direction the moment is (140+97)/312=79/104(140+97)/312=79/104. Elsewhere it is 35/7835/78. The other negative curves in that row are disjoint from rcr_c. All these ratios, including 2/(193/104)2/(193/104), exceed 104/103104/103. Abban–Zhuang refinement proves the lemma. ◻

81.3 All other points of the exceptional plane

Lemma 81.4. For every x∈J\{pa,pd,pc}x\in J\setminus\{p_a,p_d,p_c\}, δx(J;W)≥104103.\delta_x(J;W)\ge\frac{104}{103}.

Proof. First suppose that the line through pap_a and xx contains neither of the other marked points and is not tat_a. Its strict transform has class ℓ−ea\ell-e_a. Its first moment is 19/5219/52. Corrections supported above pap_a do not meet xx. If h≠0h\ne0, the conics Qa,QcQ_a,Q_c each already meet the line at pap_a, so each has local intersection at most one at xx. The point moment is at most 323+14+13+16416=183208<1.\frac{323+14+13+16}{416}=\frac{183}{208}<1. If h=0h=0, the fixed line L1L_1 meets this line only at pap_a. The line L2L_2 has intersection one, and QaQ_a has remaining intersection at most one. The same bound follows from the second table.

It remains to use the excluded lines themselves. At points of ladl_{ad} away from its endpoints, the first moment is 63/10463/104 and the point moment is at most (47+5)/104=1/2(47+5)/104=1/2, in either case. All fixed components meet this line at its marked endpoints; the only further correction is from tct_c.

If h≠0h\ne0, use lacl_{ac} or tat_a at the remaining points. Their first moments are 69/10469/104 and 49/10449/104. Discarding the corrections over marked endpoints, and using local intersection at most one for lines and at most two for conics, bounds their point moments by, respectively, 43+6+4+1+8104=62104,66+3+6+8104=83104.\frac{43+6+4+1+8}{104}=\frac{62}{104},\qquad \frac{66+3+6+8}{104}=\frac{83}{104}. These bounds include the fixed conic coefficient.

If h=0h=0, the line tat_a is the line joining pap_a to pcp_c, with strict transform L1L_1. Its first moment includes its own fixed coefficient and is 1726+31104=99104.\frac{17}{26}+\frac{31}{104}=\frac{99}{104}. Away from its marked endpoints the only correction is from L2L_2, including its fixed coefficient, so the point moment is at most 2552+213+126=70104.\frac{25}{52}+\frac2{13}+\frac1{26}=\frac{70}{104}. Every first and point moment just listed is at most 103/104103/104. The ordinary surface-flag inequality proves the assertion. The upper bounds allow contributing curves to meet at the same point; no general-position assumption on their other intersections has been used. ◻

Proof of Theorem 80.1. Lemmas 81.3 and 81.4 cover every point of JJ, and give δ(J;W)≥104/103\delta(J;W)\ge104/103. The ordinary point blowup is a plt extraction with AX(J)=3A_X(J)=3 and trivial different on JJ. Lemma 80.5 and the Abban–Zhuang inequality [4, Theorem 3.3] now give δp(X)≥min{311/4,104103}=104103>1.\delta_p(X)\ge\min\left\{\frac3{11/4},\frac{104}{103}\right\} =\frac{104}{103}>1. This proves a bound for every valuation involved in the local threshold, rather than only for the first exceptional divisor. ◻

Example 81.5. The choices (f,h)=(0,1)(f,h)=(0,1) and (1,0)(1,0) illustrate the two surface calculations. In the first, q=y2−z2q=y^2-z^2 and QcQ_c is smooth. In the second, q=y(y−z)q=y(y-z) and Q=−y(b+y−z)Q=-y(b+y-z), so its two line factors have different fixed coefficients: (t−3)+(t-3)_+ and (t−4)+(t-4)_+. Nevertheless both point extractions have expected order 11/411/4, and both full refinements have threshold at least 104/103104/103. Equality of the first moments alone would not have justified transferring the surface bound between them.