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Section 26

Refinement by the exceptional divisor of the original blow-up

The refinement along EE has asymptotically complete summands of classes Du=(L−uE)|E,0≤u≤1.D_u=(L-uE)|_E,\qquad 0\le u\le1. Indeed L−uE=(1−u)H+(1+u)BL-uE=(1-u)H+(1+u)B is ample for 0<u<10<u<1. The normalizing identity is ∫01Du2du=6\int_0^1D_u^2du=6, so the surface-volume factor is again 1/61/6.

Lemma 26.1 (First-kind lines). If Nℓ/V≅𝒪⊕2N_{\ell/V}\cong\mathcal O^{\oplus2}, the refined series on EE has stability threshold exactly one. Every prime divisor QQ over XX with cX(Q)⊂Ec_X(Q)\subset E satisfies βX(Q)≥49ordQ(E)>0.\beta_X(Q)\ge\frac49\mathop{\mathrm{ord}}_Q(E)>0.

Proof. On E=ℙ1×ℙ1E=\mathbb P^1\times\mathbb P^1, one has Du=2g+(1+u)sD_u=2g+(1+u)s. Each summand is complete on rational interior rays. For either of the two coordinate fibres of class gg, the expected coefficient is 16∫0122(1+u)du=1;\frac16\int_0^1 2^2(1+u)du=1; for either coordinate fibre of class ss, it is 16∫012(1+u)2du=79.\frac16\int_0^1 2(1+u)^2du=\frac79. A common monomial degeneration of the complete bidegree series, as in Lemma 5.3, proves that its threshold is at least one. The divisor of class gg proves equality. There is no different since both XX and EE are smooth. The strict adjunction inequality of Lemma 21.2, with SX(E)=5/9S_X(E)=5/9, gives the stated beta inequality. ◻

Lemma 26.2 (Second-kind lines). If Nℓ/V≅𝒪(1)⊕𝒪(−1)N_{\ell/V}\cong\mathcal O(1)\oplus\mathcal O(-1), then Du=(1+u)s+(3+u)g,S(WE;s)=7172,S(WE;g)=2924,δ(E;WE)=2429.D_u=(1+u)s+(3+u)g, \quad S(W^E;s)=\frac{71}{72},\quad S(W^E;g)=\frac{29}{24}, \quad \delta(E;W^E)=\frac{24}{29}.

Proof. Write a=1+ua=1+u and b=3+u=a+2b=3+u=a+2. For subtraction of ss, the divisor (a−v)s+bg(a-v)s+bg is nef for 0≤v≤a0\le v\le a, which is its threshold. Thus S(WE;s)=16∫01(ba2−23a3)du=7172.S(W^E;s)=\frac16\int_0^1\left(ba^2-\frac23a^3\right)du=\frac{71}{72}. For subtraction of gg, the divisor as+(b−v)gas+(b-v)g is nef up to v=b−2av=b-2a. Thereafter its positive part is (b−v)(s+2g)/2(b-v)(s+2g)/2, and the negative part is (v−b+2a)s/2(v-b+2a)s/2. The threshold is bb. Hence S(WE;g)=16∫01[∫0b−2a(2ab−2a2−2av)dv+∫b−2ab(b−v)22dv]du=2924.S(W^E;g)=\frac16\int_0^1\left[ \int_0^{b-2a}(2ab-2a^2-2av)dv+ \int_{b-2a}^{b}\frac{(b-v)^2}{2}dv\right]du=\frac{29}{24}. The other torus-invariant section has expected coefficient 41/7241/72, and the other invariant fibre has coefficient 29/2429/24. For example these numbers follow by summing distances to the four edges of the section polygon; the coefficients of the two section divisors sum to 16∫01aDu2du=14/9\frac16\int_0^1aD_u^2du=14/9. The toric degeneration lemma therefore gives the lower bound 24/2924/29, and a ruling fibre gives equality. This is the threshold of the actual asymptotically complete refined series, not an overestimate obtained by enlarging it. ◻